Calories in 8 Oz Corned Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world'south favorite moving picture characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had and so much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In award of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that drape and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Motion-picture show
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 moving picture accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to inquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for beingness too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Wait Was More than Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, simply that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to vesture a corset-like device so she looked more similar a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland habiliment a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (as whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart movement.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Bang-up Motion picture Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of nifty film tricks, and some of the near unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies to a higher place the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings team spread blackness ink across the bottom of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Die — W W West."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'southward last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy'south quest to encounter the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snowfall? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was notwithstanding Hollywood'south preferred option for fake snowfall. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than ane for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Man'due south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger'due south makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he still had some problems. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a condom prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the wait of burlap. After the flick wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'due south face that took more than a twelvemonth to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Gear up
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first accept, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, merely her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and tertiary-degree burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of piano wires.
All the same, the aeriform stunt went amiss when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature condom monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Nigh on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one's surprise, the American Picture Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'south career was nearly cut from the picture show.
Studio execs at MGM thought the vocal fabricated the Kansas scenes likewise long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't empathise the vocal'south meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's bawling reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Human Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a ninety-pound panthera leo costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean confronting a board to rest properly. Many years afterward, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin't assistance folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast every bit the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Nonetheless, Ebsen'due south new graphic symbol, the Tin Human being, acquired him a earth of bug. Namely, the character's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen'south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to exhale, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), just didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the concluding picture, his vocals can be heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave The states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold upward. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the heaven and into Oz, is just a miniature firm that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to get in expect like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upward Then Either
Pay inequality has ever been an issue in Hollywood. For case, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular graphic symbol in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The picture show went on to make roughly $eight meg.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it nevertheless didn't reflect the film'south success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'due south title card — as the cowardly graphic symbol. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To brand a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent panthera leo skin. Nevertheless, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each nighttime, two stagehands dried the costume for the side by side mean solar day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The flick started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $two,777,000 in costs. That's nigh $50 million adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the film only earned $three million at the box office — virtually $51.viii million by today'south standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney fabricated $8 million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz'due south modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — only success overseas fortunately bolstered the motion picture's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Fourth dimension Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was but 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became fond to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were oft given to young actors to help them slumber afterwards studios shot them up with adrenaline and then they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Phonation of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Magician of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated movie Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the film revolutionize the blitheness industry, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Only Had a Eye," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the reddish colour would actually popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM'southward main costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about ii,300 sequins.
1 of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'south National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Merely One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another globe — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the movie is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and tin often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Man spouts out all of that steam.
After ane of the Witch'south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to detect one that resembled the original canine actor more than closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In add-on to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton likewise believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years after the motion-picture show debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, just she was also a sad, solitary figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked too takes this arroyo to the Witch'due south character.
The "Horse of a Dissimilar Color" Was Made Possible Thank you to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Man and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn carriage was in one case owned by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'southward flying monkeys, and so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in guild to give life to this fantasy flick. To go on upwards with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since nigh of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Near actors had to arrive before five:00 in the morning — six days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive procedure.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Moving picture
The moving picture is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the peachy fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping iii of the flick's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that human being backside the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no identify like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the often misquoted "Toto, I accept a feeling we're non in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'due south Burn Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "equus caballus of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature girl'due south feet. Notwithstanding, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to arrive look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In society to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which oft heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would await best on movie, especially in colorized form. For instance, the white part of Dorothy's apparel is actually pinkish — merely because it filmed improve. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? It'due south actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than One Advent
Function of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young daughter dropped a business firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the W and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if merely briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Moving-picture show'southward Running Fourth dimension Was Cut Downward Several Times
The start cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems similar nothing by today's Marvel moving picture standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off twenty minutes.
Later on cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (superlative right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the movie was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a homo beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
Then Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the Westward functioning too frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But non anybody thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'due south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the picture's starring foes were actually friends. 1 story that emerged from the prepare described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'due south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press bout the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more than apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem every bit though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was information technology a modest syntactical faux pas?
Information technology'south widely believed this was a fleck of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full iii-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the moving-picture show's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding credence to this theory.
One of History's Near-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other film released the same year, as well directed past Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that little pic — information technology's called Gone with the Air current.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more than staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in role to re-releases.
The film was beginning broadcast on tv set on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 one thousand thousand viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is i of the x virtually-watched feature-length movies in moving-picture show history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
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